Interval-Type and Affine Arithmetic-Type Techniques for Handling Uncertainty in Expert Systems

Expert knowledge consists of statements Sj (facts and rules). The facts and rules are often only true with some probability. For example, if we are interested in oil, we should look at seismic data. If in 90% of the cases, the seismic data was indeed helpful in locating oil, then we can say that if we are interested in oil, then with probability 90% it is helpful to look at the seismic data. In more formal terms, we can say that the implication “if oil then seismic” holds with probability 90%. Another example: a bank A trusts a client B, so if we trust the bank the bank A, we should trust B too; if statistically, this trust was justified in 99% of the cases, we can conclude that the corresponding implication holds with